Stardog follows the Graph Store Protocol specification for HTTP POST. In fact, the same call that works for PUT should also work for POST:
POST http://localhost:5820/myDb?graph=urn:my:graph
Content-Type: text/turtle
<urn:a> <urn:b> <urn:c> .
This will either return a 404 if the graph doesn't exist, or 200 if it is able to add the data. Are you seeing different behavior? If so, what version of Stardog are you using and what does your POST look like?